Pharma Notes

UNIT I  Living world:   Definition and characters of living organisms  Diversity in the living world  Binomial nomenclature  Five kingdoms of life and basis of classification. Salient features of Monera, Potista, Fungi, Animalia and Plantae, Virus,  Morphology of Flowering plants   Morphology of different parts of flowering plants – Root, stem, inflorescence, flower, leaf, fruit, seed. General Anatomy of Root, stem, leaf of monocotyledons & Dicotylidones.  UNIT II  Body fluids and circulation   Composition of blood, blood groups, coagulation of blood  Composition and functions of lymph  Human circulatory system  Structure of human heart and blood vessels  Cardiac cycle, cardiac output and ECG  Digestion and Absorption   Human alimentary canal and digestive glands  Role of digestive enzymes  Digestion, absorption and assimilation of digested food Breathing and respiration  Human respiratory...

UNIT – I  Communication Skills: Introduction, Definition, The Importance of Communication, The Communication Process – Source, Message, Encoding, Channel, Decoding, Receiver, Feedback, Context  Barriers to communication: Physiological Barriers, Physical Barriers, Cultural Barriers, Language Barriers, Gender Barriers, Interpersonal Barriers, Psychological Barriers, Emotional barriers  Perspectives in Communication: Introduction, Visual Perception, Language, Other factors affecting our perspective - Past Experiences, Prejudices, Feelings, Environment  UNIT – II  Elements of Communication: Introduction, Face to Face Communication - Tone of Voice, Body Language (Non-verbal communication), Verbal Communication, Physical Communication  Communication Styles: Introduction, The Communication Styles Matrix with example for each -Direct Communication Style, Spirited Communication Style, Systematic Communication Style, Considerate Communication Style UNIT – III...

UNIT I Impurities in pharmaceutical substances: History of Pharmacopoeia, Sources and types of impurities, principle involved in the limit test for Chloride, Sulphate, Iron, Arsenic, Lead and Heavy metals, modified limit test for Chloride and Sulphate  General methods of preparation, assay for the compounds superscripted with asterisk (*), properties and medicinal uses of inorganic compounds belonging to the following classes  UNIT II Acids, Bases and Buffers: Buffer equations and buffer capacity in general, buffers in pharmaceutical systems, preparation, stability, buffered isotonic solutions, measurements of tonicity, calculations and methods of adjusting isotonicity.  Major extra and intracellular electrolytes: Functions of major physiological ions, Electrolytes used in the replacement therapy: Sodium chloride*, Potassium chloride, Calcium gluconate* and Oral Rehydration Salt (ORS), Physiological acid base balance.  Dental products: Dentifrices, role of fluorid...

UNIT – I   Historical background and development of profession of pharmacy:   History of profession of Pharmacy in India in relation to pharmacy education, industry and organization, Pharmacy as a career, Pharmacopoeias: Introduction to IP, BP, USP and Extra Pharmacopoeia. Dosage forms: Introduction to dosage forms, classification and definitions  Prescription: Definition, Parts of prescription, handling of Prescription and Errors in prescription.  Posology: Definition, Factors affecting posology. Pediatric dose calculations based on age, body weight and body surface area.  UNIT – II  Pharmaceutical calculations: Weights and measures – Imperial & Metric system, Calculations involving percentage solutions, alligation, proof spirit and isotonic solutions based on freezing point and molecular weight.  Powders: Definition, classification, advantages and disadvantages,Simple & compound powders – official preparations, dusting powders, effe...

UNIT-I  (a) Pharmaceutical analysis- Definition and scope  i) Different techniques of analysis  ii) Methods of expressing concentration  iii) Primary and secondary standards.  iv) Preparation and standardization of various molar and normal solutions- Oxalic acid, sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid, sodium thiosulphate, sulphuric acid, potassium permanganate and ceric ammonium sulphate  (b) Errors: Sources of errors, types of errors, methods of minimizing errors, accuracy, precision and significant figures  (c) Pharmacopoeia, Sources of impurities in medicinal agents,limit tests.  UNIT-II  Acid base titration: Theories of acid base indicators, classification of acid base titrations and theory involved in titrations of strong, weak, and very weak acids and bases, neutralization curves  Non aqueous titration: Solvents, acidimetry and alkalimetry titration and estimation of Sodium benzoate and Ephedrine HCl  UNIT-III Precipitation tit...

Unit I   Introduction to human body  Definition and scope of anatomy and physiology, levels of structural organization and body systems, basic life processes, homeostasis, basic anatomical terminology. Cellular level of organization  Structure and functions of cell, transport across cell membrane, cell division, cell junctions. General principles of cell communication, intracellular signaling pathway activation by extracellular signal molecule, Forms of intracellular signaling:  a) Contact-dependent  b) Paracrine  c) Synaptic  d) Endocrine  Tissue level of organization  Classification of tissues, structure, location and functions of epithelial, muscular and nervous and connective tissues.  Unit II  Integumentary system   Structure and functions of skin Skeletal system  Divisions of skeletal system, types of bone, salient features and functions of bones of axial and appendicular skeletal system Organization of skeletal musc...